
Strategic Analysis of Korean Engineering Education Based on Two Satisfaction Scores
SELFNG YONG LEE Department oj" Information and Industrial Engineering Yonsei Student avoidance of science and engineering fields is a significant problem that can hinder national competitiveness. In this study, a structural equation model is used to propose two scores to measure student satisfaction with Korean engineering centered on phases, difficulties, and strategies are analysed in the personal dailylife context involving biological knowledge. The subjects were first year science and general high school students in Seoul, Korea; 6 female students and 7 male students. The students' decision-making processes were analysed by “think-aloud” and participant observation methods. On the whole, the students' decision-making processes progressed in following order: recognizing a problem, searching for alternatives, evaluating the alternatives, and decision. During the decision-making processes, the above phases were repeated by trial and error. Students preferred noncompensatory rules that did not allow trade offs among alternatives for decisions, rather than compensatory rules of selection. Students had a tendency to have difficulties in analysing the difference between initial state and desirable state of the problem, organising biological knowledge-related problems, and clarifying values as selective criteria. Even students who had high achievement and more positive science-related attitudes did not apply biological knowledge to search for alternatives, and could not utilise scientific values as selective criteria very well. We discuss the implications of these results for teaching of decision-making in respect to scientific literacy. education: the P-score, a measure of the students' satisfaction with aspects of their personalities, and the M-score, a measure of the students' satisfaction with aspects of their majors. Using these two scores to assess the students' satisfaction with engineering education in Korea, several strategic approaches to improve student satisfaction with Korean engineering education are proposed.ABSTRACT FROM AUTHORCopyright of Journal of Engineering Education is the property of ASEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstraUniversity JAEYONGYOON Department of Information and Industrial Engineering Yonsei University TAE HYUN KIM Department of Information and Industrial Engineering Yonsei University So YOUNG SOHN Department oj'Information and Industrial Engineering Yonsei University and attractiveness of engineering education [8]. In addition, many government policies have been enacted to recruit high-quality engineering students. These include addressing the college entrance examination and increasing the number of government positions for sdence and engineering graduates, the latter of which was suggested by the Presidential Advisory Council on Science and Technology. However, these kinds of efforts may have a different effect on students with dilFeretit backgrounds. One size does not necessarily fit-all. In this paper, we present an analysis ofthe effect of such efforts on various groups of Korean students by developing a satisfaction index based upon two scores. These scores are devehiped using a structural equation model [9-10] and are designed to reflect the relative satisfaction of engineering students at 14 Korean universities and in various engineering majors. The P-score measures the students' satisfication with various aspects of their personalities, whereas the M-score measures the students' satisfaction with various aspects ot their majors. The scores are further analyzed using clustering and classification algorithms and are used to diagnose the students' avoidance tendency in science and engineering fields. In section II, we introduce a structural equation model for the student satisfaction index and perform an empirical analysis to calculate the two scores for fourteen Korean universities. In section III, we use clustering and decision tree algorithms for a post-analysis ofthe scores. In section IV, we discuss our findings.
ABSTRACT Stitdent avoidance of science and etigineering fields is a significant problem that can hinder national competitiveness. In this study, a structural equation model is used to propose two scores to measure student satisfactioti with Korean engineering education: the P-score, a measure ofthe students' satisfaction with aspects of their personalities, and the M-score, a measure ofthe students' satisfaction with aspects of tlieir majors. Using these two scores to assess the students' satisfaction with engineering education in Korea, several strategic approaches to improve student satisfaction with Korean engineering education are proposed. Keyword; customer satisfaction index, pattern recognition, structural equation model
II. A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a quantitative technique for specifying, estimating, and testing the relationships among a model's variables. SEM involves developing measurements to define latent variables and then establishitig relationships, or structural equations, among the latent variables. Such models have been used in the traditional areas of sociology, psychology, education, and econometrics and have been a mainstay of multivariate statistical analysis. Recentiy, SEM has also been used for developing a customer satisfaction index (CSI). Thus, we investigated how SEM might be used to overcome student avoidance of science and engineering education fields in Korea. The model is based on two satisfaction scores. Using these scores, we calculated the values for 14 Korean universities and also compared them across different engineering majors. To establish the SEM for our research, wefirstspecified the various latent variables related to the two satisfaction scores, as shown generally in Figure 1 and more specifically in Table 1. A brief explanation, ofthe variables is as follows. The Korean Ministry of Education has the power to influence university education significantly by intervening in entrance
It's the world's oldest profession, and in South Korea it's a recession-proof industry that contributes more to the nation's economy than the agriculture and fisheries industries combined. And it's expanding. The Ministry of Gender Equality estimates that South Korea's sex industry generates profits in excess of US$22 billion a year, while employing some 500,000 women and girls. But non-governmental organizations and civic groups suggest the number may be even higher, concluding that if all informal venues of prostitution, such as the myriad wonjokyoje, or younger girls "dating" older men for cash, were factored in, the number of prostitutes could well exceed a million.
Venues where women and girls are available for a price total at least 390,000, according to civic groups, and they are quite literally everywhere in South Korea. Every neighborhood has at least a few singing rooms, room salons, business clubs, tea rooms or barber shops where sexual services can be bought. Given the openness of the prostitution and the leaflets and flyers advertising the multitudes of locations where women can be procured, one could be forgiven for not realizing it's all illegal.
Legal prostitution was abolished in 1948. The anti-prostitution law - a bill that also gave a virtual green light to red-light districts - was enacted in 1961. And in 1999, legislation provided for publication of the names of those who procure sex from minors, though it is rarely enforced. The nation's Commission on Youth Protection asserts that more than half the girls arrested for prostitution are under 16.
South Korea is not known for openly confronting societal problems, traditionally preferring to shunt nationally embarrassing issues to the side, in the belief that if something isn't acknowledged it will cease to exist. But the sex industry is not disappearing. Indeed, it is one of South Korea's few truly recession-proof industries enjoying steady growth, largely immune to economic cycles. However, Korean society is changing and women, long
I. INTRODUCTION Student avoidance of science and engineering fields is a significant problem that hinders national competitiveness in Korea. According to a survey of students in 688 high schools in Korea, a little over one-half of the students who selected science majors in high school majored in science or engineering in college as they intended. The remaining 33 percent ofthe students majored in medicine/ pharmacy and 13 percent chose law or business administration as their college major. Considerable research has been conducted to improve engineering education in Korea to address the avoidance tendency, or the low satisfaction, of students to engineering education [1^7]. Accordingly, the Accreditation Board for Engineering Education of Korea (ABEEK) became more active to help improve the quality

